China’s mobile phone industry: a decade to build ecological chain               
China Mobile Communications Development for 20 years, mobile terminal development of the industry Was only ten years. This decade, China’s mobile phone industry is Experiencing market share from zero to half of the glory, But Also Experienced the Pain of inventory backlog funding strand breaks, But struggled in ups and downs, one from the chip to the operating system, application software from the platform to the, from program design to machine-made Completely autonomous mobile industrial chain Has Been Formed.

China-made mobile phone in early spring
China’s mobile phone industry, are Able to eat today, the formation of the terminal market, foreign brands to compete with the situation, in the upstream and downstream to form a Relatively complete industrial chain, fully benefited from the Chinese Government in 1998 brewing since 1999 Implemented policies.

Prior to 1999, China’s mobile phone market is monopolized by international brands, Motorola, Nokia, Ericsson is the market’s major brands, all cell phones Need to be imported.

The Ministry of Information Industry Was established in 1998 to change this situation shoulder the historic mission. In 1999, China Began to identify Strongly support the policy of domestic mobile phone market, took in October Mainly 400 million yuan from the treasury to support A Certain Technological and Economic strength of the mobile phone production Enterprises, Ministry of Information Industry allocated from the mobile phone network costs 14 million to support the Development of domestic mobile phone business, while the state Has five years of initial installation from a fixed-fee telephone to extract five% in support of the domestic mobile phone research and industrialization of the special funding.

Matched with this, and at That Time ISSUED an important document – “V document”, the specific reference to “Strictly control the mobile communications product project project examination and approval,” and That “the production of mobile phones into the National Plan guidance. “

“V document” form for a very long time the leading domestic mobile phone production “license” system. In March 2005, before the domestic mobile phone market Has 49 licenses: one GSM mobile phone licenses, 30, Was sit 13 to 17 domestic joint ventures and Enterprises; CDMA mobile phone licenses, 19, August 1 Was to sit Enterprises and domestic joint ventures , only one foreign Was Sent To Motorola’s; Has 14 companies with BOTH GSM and CDMA licenses obtained. In addition to Strictly control the import of foreign mobile communications products, the Ministry of Information Industry Also Provides mobile phone exports of foreign-funded Enterprises Currently account for total capacity of at least 60%.

Country’s support policies to bring the spring home-made mobile phones in 2003, the domestic mobile phone market more than 7000 million of total sales, the domestic mobile phone accounts for more than 55%, to the development history of domestic mobile phone market share high.

The rapid expansion of the market sentiment attracted more companies to enter the field of mobile phones, many Enterprises in the case of unsuccessful application for a license to OEM, etc., in Regard this makes the part of the licensed enterprise “something for nothing” and it is not conducive to market regulation. By the end of 2004, the “V document” Time Has Come to the entry into force, the state Decided to Implement the many years of “license” system into mobile phone production “approval” system. ” February 19, 2005, three days after the Spring Festival holiday, the National Development and Reform Commission ISSUED a “mobile communication system and terminal investment projects approved by the number of PROVISIONS.” China’s mobile phone industry, he embarked on another track.

Evolution of two generations of the three companies created
So far, it Can Be Said of domestic mobile phone industry Has Experienced two generations of mobile phone manufacturers. Generally speaking, pre-approval system to obtain the license are the first-generation businesses, in March 2005 after the adoption of the approved Enterprises Engaged in production of second-generation mobile phone business.

This is because the market in Which two generations of business environment, industry environment, as well as Their backgrounds are Different in terms of operating and market performance is Also very Different. Of course, the add Enterprises Themselves Also changing are the Constantly adjust the environment to the abstract Themselves summarize the Characteristics of These two generations, business is not easy, it is best to first Understand the development process of domestic mobile phone Enterprises.

The first phase, 2002 years in August Many people are willing to trade since 1999, But I believe That Should Be Able to go back, Which Is China’s mobile phone industry, dormant period.

This stage, the functional Relevant Departments in the government a series of supportive policies, the large number of Enterprises Have Also seen the prospect of the mobile phone market, to do, “the Chinese people’s own mobile phone . In 1999, before the special, the number of enterprise dedicated to mobile phone research and development, such as Zhejiang, Eastern Communications in 1997 in Silicon Valley in the United States invested a mobile phone R & D base; 1998 Kejian six people to sit the United States COMQUEST companies’ R & D team, the joint venture plant background domestic Firms by foreign brands mobile phones of the production process of research and study and Developer ITS own team of engineers.

The early transfer fee patents millions of dollars at Every Turn, ZTE, Kejian, Konka, Huawei and other domestic Enterprises to carry out the large number of system integration development program, including COMQUEST program, Lucent Technologies Program , BORDCOM program, AD I program, IT Program, PHILIPS program, Skyworks program, Infineon programs, etc.., to cultivate a large number of mobile phone technologies such as R & D engineers in the field laid the foundation for China’s domestic mobile phone Enterprises Technological Accumulation period.

From the end of 1998, the number of independent research and development of mobile phones one after another in Dongxin, Kejian, Capitel advent of laboratory and Other Enterprises. But in the market, this time the Majority of domestic mobile phone or in MKD (the introduction of machine methods), SKD (large CKD), or the use of mobile phone communication module approach to production and processing. The share of domestic mobile phones is still in the stage of a gradual climb.

The second phase, from 2002 to 2004. The author is willing to Be known as the “hero of the bush phase”, because at this stage, domestic mobile phone fortunate to catch up with consumer demand in China’s mobile communications During a large outbreak, coupled with domestic mobile phone to play the localized edge channels and the use of suitable marketing conditions, the share of domestic mobile phones Has Been rising. In 2002, domestic mobile phone snatched 30% of the domestic mobile phone market share, in 2003, this figure soared to 55%, reaching a record high.

But the Glory Has Come Too Early, Not Yet Able to grasp the domestic mobile phone R & D capabilities, But Also HAD time to sort Out the loopholes in the management, it is not so much an Opportunity to it is a test. Domestic mobile phone sales rising steadily Has Been In The Circumstances, on the one hand the large number of stocking, to continue the introduction of complete sets of components; the one hand, Bird, TCL, the South and Other High-tech Enterprises, But Also Have Their Own acquisition of mobile phone development platform, for system integration development, an attempt to fill the shortage of technology. This phase of China-made mobile phones, is created by current events, “Heroes” Can Be a good first-class situation disappear, competition, Environmental degradation, “bush” period of vulnerability on the evolution of the big hole.

The third phase, 2004-present. This is the stage of adjustment and poised. In the above hidden under the 2004 decline in share of domestic mobile phones, retreated 50% to not speak, But Also There Was defeated in 2006, fell to below 28%. At The Same Time, add Enterprises Have Been a financial strand breaks, collapse, easy to master, coaching change or even shut down the situation, once a brilliant brands such as Kejian, Panda, Capitel, Eastcom, Soutec Have Withdrawn from the market, there are some old brands, such as the Bird, TCL, Konka Began to adjust ITS strategies. In this session, there HAD Been some impact on future patterns of mobile phone industry, the factors That make the whole industry further queries into the stage of adjustment and reserves, namely: approval system, black cell phones and 3G technology.

Approval system and black mobile phones are linked to some extent, it Also Said Earlier the birth of a second-generation Chinese-made mobile phones. Now re-run These two generations of mobile phone features, the first generation of business because it is “license” system a little more than a product of the sense of mission, to large Enterprises, operating system, not the good as the second generation of less flexible, second-generation mobile phone Enterprises to the private capital-based, profit goals are more clear, pragmatic and responsive corporate culture, But because of the Lack of sense of national mobile phone industry, is Difficult to see it invest in R & D, etc.., TO ADAPT TO These more “eco-chain operations” of the mobile phone business Can a real and strong, with international brands Bipin is still unknown.

industrial ecological chain from the “core” perfect
Although the pattern of domestic mobile phones is still evolving, But Can it guess Already, domestic mobile phone Eventually Will Occupy the domestic and global markets, an important position. At The Same Time, on the Ready-made mobile phones, development, and then Gathered momentum in the process, a complete autonomous mobile phone industry chain Has Been Formed.

Design is the mobile phone industry an important link in the chain. The end of 2001, early 2002, China’s mobile phone design company (designated nhouse) sprouted up to Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen is the center, formed a design company co-existence of dozens of the situation, These companies developed a direct result of s to make a large number of South Korean, Japanese design company to close down. Mobile phone design industry peaked in 2005, of Which TechFaith Wireless, the dragon flag, Rahim, such as three-pass success in overseas listed companies, Represented by. According to incomplete statistics, in China’s mobile phone design company in size Ba Jiubai home, only the size of Shenzhen, there are three or four hundred at home.

Cell phone chip is the core of the ecological chain. When mobile phones are the lifeline of the company’s center of gravity moved from the design team of chips, China domestic mobile phone chip design development and the Underlying hardware, software protocol stack design and development Has Been developed from scratch, and gradually matured. Today, the real China’s “core” of the mobile phone market is Already a minority in China. Spreadtrum established in 2001 is the domestic market is Currently among the top three of the baseband processor providers, Spreadtrum Thus Be listed on Nasdaq. In addition, Chipnuts, Anyka multimedia processors and Other Enterprises Have Also Been Applied to a new generation of home-made phone.

Other mobile phone industry chain in the Various important parts, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and other electronic devices, Have Been gradually localization, batteries battery, battery package, charger, earphone and other accessories Has Been Completely attached to localization, Speaker, Receiver, Mi – crophone and other electro-acoustic devices, vibration motor, side buttons, I / O jack, headphone jack, SIM card connector and other components are largely domestically Also, mobile phone displays and other components Already there are local companies export to the domestic mobile phone Enterprises. These essential components of products, there are many companies because of Their good quality products and excellent value for money, But Also into the Motorola and other large international companies purchasing lists of companies at a loss to South Korea and Japan.

At the Same time, domestic mobile phone production as well as ancillary peripheral Industry Group Also Has Been rapid development of the SMT from the front to the back-end processing and assembly, not only Every major mobile phone manufacturers to complete production line, But Also to the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta cities of Dongguan and Suzhou 2 the central area of radiation out of the 1000 SMT factory, mold manufacturing and coating plant and processing plant. Recently, with the establishment of BYD, and TechFaith Wireless companies than Germany, But Also a major international brands for OEM EMS plant May Be born.

Decade, the achievements of a such a large and complete the ecological environment, Perhaps only China can.